Rule 1:
Profit = Selling Price - Cost Price
Loss = Cost Price - Selling Price
Gain or Loss Percentage = ( Loss or Gain / Cost Price )* 100
Ex 1. If a man purchases 11 balls for Rs 10 and sells 10 balls for Rs. 11 , How much profit or loss does he make ?
Solution : Cost price of one ball = 10 / 11 , Selling Price of one ball 11 / 10
So % profit or loss will be = [( 11 / 10 - 10 / 11 ) / 10 / 11 ] * 100 = 21 %
Rule 2: If a grocer sells its goods at cost price, but uses a false weigt instead of true weight. Then Gain percentage will be :
Ex 2. A dealer sell its rice at cost price, but uses its weight 900 gm for kg. Find hig gain percentage.
Solution : % Gain = [ True Weight - False Weight ] / False Weight
Gain % = [ ( 1000 - 900 ) / 900 ] * 100 = 1 * 100 / 9 = 11 . 11 %
Rule 3: If a shopkeeper sells his goods at x % loss on cost price but uses y gm instead of z gm, then his % profit or loss is
Rule 4: If a shopkeeper sells his goods at x % gain on cost price but uses y gm instead of z gm, then his % profit is
Ex 3. A seller uses 900 gm in place of one kg to sell his goods. Find his actual % profit or loss When he sells his articles at 5 % loss on cost price ?
Ex 4. A seller uses 900 gm in place of one kg to sell his goods. Find his actual % profit or loss When he sells his articles at 5 % profit on cost price ?
Rule 5: If a businessman marks his goods at x % above his cost prie and allowed purchasers a discount of y % for cash, then % proft or % loss according to + ve or - ve sign is will be
Ex 5. A grocer allows a discount of 8 % . How much % above cost price he must mark his goods to make a profit of 12 % ?
Solution :
Rule 6: Goods Passing through successive hands :- If A sells a good to B at profit of x %, B sells it to C at a profit of y %. If P Rs. is paid by C then what was the cost price for A?
Ex 6. If A sells a good to B at profit of 15 %, B sells it to C at a profit of 20 %. If 300 Rs. is paid by C then what was the cost price for A?
Rule 7: If A takes a profit of x % by selling it to B and B takes a profit of y % by selling it to C then the resultant profit percentage is given by -
Rule 8: If A takes a profit of x % by selling it to B and B takes a loss of y % by selling it to C then the resultant profit percentage is given by -
Ex 7. If A sells a good to B at profit of 15 %, B sells it to C at a profit of 20 %. What is the resultant profit and loss ?
Ex 8. By selling a shirt at price 500 a trader get loss of 10 %. At what price he must sell the shirt in order to get 5 % of profit ?
Solution : Use the formula of Goods Passing through successive hands, here for loss x will be -10 %
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